本文简介:蜜蜂 - 不仅仅是蜂蜜
蜂蜜，不仅仅是蜂蜜
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FDA Veterinarian Newsletter March/April 1998 Volume XIII, No II 美国FDA兽医通讯3月/ 1998年4月第十三卷，第二号
This information was presented in a seminar at CVM's Animal Research Center by Ann Harman, a certified Master Bee Keeper. 这一信息是在一个看守研讨会提出在CVM的动物研究中心的安哈曼，经过认证的硕士蜜蜂。 Mrs. Harman is retired from the National Bureau of Standards, and currently participates as a volunteer in the Overseas Cooperative Assistance Program to access the possibility of expanding apiculture in foreign countries as a viable agricultural market. 哈曼夫人是退休的国家标准局，目前计划志愿者的身份参与协助在海外合作进入市场的可能性农业扩大养蜂在国外作为一个可行的。
Honey is a natural, pure food product that is produced by bees in the United States as well as other countries around the world.蜂蜜是一种天然，纯净的食物产品，是由蜜蜂在美国以及世界其他国家。 Honey bees are extremely intelligent and productive little insects which thrive in colonies of 20,000 to 60,000 bees.蜜蜂是非常聪明和生产而在20,000至60,000蜜蜂群体茁壮成长的小昆虫。 The chemistry of the honey bee colony uniquely controls the number and activities of the individuals.该蜂蜜蜂群化学控制的数量和独特的个人活动。 Beekeepers maintain colonies in wooden hives which can be transported to field sites for the pollination of food crops and the collection of honey.养蜂人保持在可运到外地为粮食作物的授粉和蜂蜜的收集点木制蜂箱殖民地。 The primary use of the honey bee is actually for pollination of crops rather than the production of honey.对蜜蜂的主要用途是用于农作物授粉，而非实际的蜂蜜产量。 One-third of our food supply is dependent, either directly or indirectly, on the honey bee.一我们的食物供应三是依赖，无论是直接或间接地对蜜蜂。 Almost no wild bees are left at this time, and growers are having difficulty finding enough beekeeper-managed colonies for pollination.几乎没有野生蜜蜂留在这个时候，和种植者很难找到足够的授粉养蜂人管理的殖民地。
The products of the hive fall into two groups: plant products, which are substances produced by plants and simply collected by the bees with little or no change in composition, and products of the bee.分为两组：植物产品，它是由植物产生的物质，只要很少或根本没有蜜蜂采集的成分变化，以及蜜蜂产品的产品配置单元的秋天。 The plant products are honey, pollen, and propolis.该厂产品有蜂蜜，花粉，蜂胶。 The products of the bee are beeswax, royal jelly and venom.蜜蜂的产品有蜂蜡，蜂王浆和蜂毒。 Honey is the bees' carbohydrate food; pollen provides protein, vitamins and minerals in the bees' diet; propolis is plant resins gathered by the bee for caulking and waterproofing.蜂蜜是蜜蜂的碳水化合物食品，花粉提供蛋白质，在蜜蜂的饮食维生素和矿物质;蜂胶是由蜜蜂收集和防水嵌缝植物树脂。 Beeswax is turned into honeycomb for the storage of food and cells for raising bees; royal jelly is the food for the developing larvae and for the queen; venom makes an effective defense of the colony for its food and young.蜂蜡是变成蜂窝对食品和细胞提高蜜蜂储存;蜂王浆是发展中国家幼虫的食物和王后;毒液使一个对食品和青年群体的有效防御。 The number of chemical compounds contained in these products is very large and quite varied.在这些产品中所包含的化合物数量非常大，非常多样。
To produce honey, the bees visit flowers to obtain nectar, a dilute sugar (sucrose) solution.为了生产蜂蜜，蜜蜂访花获得花蜜，稀糖（蔗糖）解决方案。 During transport to the hive the bees add an enzyme, invertase, to convert the sugar to the simple sugars of glucose and fructose.在运输过程中的蜂房蜜蜂添加一种酶，转化酶，糖转化为葡萄糖和果糖的单糖。 The bees then simply evaporate water from the nectar and when the concentration reaches about 18.6 percent water it can be considered honey.然后简单地蒸发，蜜蜂从花蜜水，当浓度达到百分之18.6，可以考虑水蜂蜜。 At this point the honey is capped with beeswax.在这一点上，蜂蜜与蜂蜡上限。 The plants used by the bee are responsible for the characteristic colors and flavors of honey.由蜜蜂所使用的植物为特色蜂蜜的颜色和味道负责。
Contamination of honey can occur in several ways:蜂蜜的污染可能会出现在几个方面：
Spraying field crops with pesticides田间作物喷洒农药
Microencapsulated pesticides used on field crops农药微胶囊用于大田作物
Medicines used by the beekeeper药品使用的养蜂人
Pesticides are usually lethal to the bees thus preventing them from contaminating the honey.农药通常是致命的蜜蜂从而防止污染蜂蜜他们。
Unfortunately, two parasites are causing the death of bee colonies.不幸的是，这两种寄生虫，是导致死亡的蜂群。 These are tracheal and varroa mites.这是气管和瓦螨。 The mites can be kept in check through the use of medicines.该螨可存放在通过药物的使用检查。 Although these may be thought of as a source of contamination, good beekeeping practice should prevent that.虽然这些可能被认为是一种污染，良好的养蜂实践中，应防止这种情况的根源。 For tracheal mites, menthol is used once a year, but menthol is present in many honeys, principally those from the very common mint family blossoms.对于气管螨，薄荷醇用于每年一次，但在很多蜂蜜薄荷目前，主要来自家庭非常普遍薄荷花的人。 Grease patties, made from granulated sugar and Crisco are used year-round but these are considered trash by the bees and removed from the hive, never stored as honey is stored.油脂饼，从砂糖和克里斯科使用了全年但是这些被认为是由蜜蜂从蜂巢垃圾和拆除，决不因为蜂蜜中存储的存储位置。 For Varroa mites, a twice-a-year treatment with fluvalinate-impregnated plastic is used.对于瓦螨，与氟胺氰菊酯浸渍塑料两次1年的治疗使用。 This is a contact miticide that is most effective in late autumn after nectar gathering has ceased.这是一个接触杀螨剂这是最有效的晚秋收集花蜜后已经停止。 A second treatment can occur in early spring before surplus honey is being stored.第二个处理可能发生在初春前盈余蜂蜜被存储。
The only other medication used for bees is oxytetracycline.唯一的其他药物治疗蜜蜂使用的土霉素。 The commercial formulation is "Terramycin" which is normally used for treating domestic animals.商业的表述是“土霉素”，这是通常用于治疗家畜使用。 For bee colonies affected by American foulbrood, Terramycin is a useful method of control, but does not provide a cure for this devastating disease of honey bees.对于美国foulbrood影响蜂群，土霉素是一种控制的有效方法，但不提供对这种破坏性疾病治疗蜜蜂。 The bee hive should not be medicated during the summer months when honey is being produced and stored in the honeycomb.蜜蜂蜂房药不应该在夏季时，蜂蜜正在生产和储存的蜂窝个月。
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